Foreign Policy and Democracy Who Makes and Shapes Foreign Policy? NO SINGLE VOICE The President Commander in Chief Negotiate Treaties Select, Nominate and Receive Ambassadors
The Bureaucracy CIA, NSA, JCOS (Join Chiefs), NSC (National security counsel), DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
Congress Declare War Treaty Ratification Regulate Foreign Commerce (Tariffs) Interest Groups Power to the People Single Issue-Economic Groups Ethnic/ Country of Origin Groups The Media Security v. Freedom of Press Imbedded Journalism Television Age Other Countries Examples: France late 18th century, Russia 20th century What Are the Values in American Foreign Policy?
Legacies of the Traditional System Tariffs Unilateralism- A foreign policy that avoids international alliances, entanglements, and permanent commitments in favor of independence, neutrality and freedom of action The Great Leap to World Power Multilateralism- A foreign policy that encourages the involvement of several nation-states in coordinated action, usually in relation to a common adversary, with terms and conditions usually specified in a multicountry treaty (NATO) Containment- Use of political, economic, and military power to prevent the spread of communism to prevent the spread of communism to developing or unstable countries Deterrence- The development and maintenance of military strength for the purpose of discouraging attack What are the Instruments of Modern American Foreign Policy?
Diplomacy President Alone/Distrust of Diplomacy Military option is the “club behind the door,” to be used when diplomacy fails, “speak softly and carry a big stick” The United Nations Organization of nations founded on 1945 to serve as a channel for negotiation and a means of settling international disputes peaceably Unites States provides 26% of UN funding Economic Aid Marshall Plan Who profits from foreign aid? Elites or common people? Foreign Aid tied closely to enough to diplomacy? Agriculture, State, Defense Collective Security Work together with other nations to keep us safe Multilateralism/bilateralism/unilateralism Producer of security vs. consumer of security Military Deterrence MAD Is deterrence applicable in our current world? Realism (realpolitik) -- policy should be guided by self interest (as opposed to ethics and values) and as such will be unilateral, military force is viewed as necessary, diplomatic institutions (like the UN) are viewed as not particularly critical Idealism (Wilsonianiasm or Liberalism) policy should be guided by values (women's rights, capitalism, human rights, democracy, etc), diplomatic institutions should be the route for resolving disputes, solutions should be sought multilaterally (with other countries) Neo-Conservatism -- policy should be guided by values but diplomatic institutions cannot be entrusted to always do so sometimes the military has to do the job -- because Europe has largely abandoned its leadership role the US is the only country that can be trusted to spread Western values |
|
|